過去的事

🎯 這一課你會學會

講過去發生的事——昨天、上週做了什麼。學完你能說 I was tired、We went to the beach、Did you have fun?。這一課有一點要記(不規則動詞),但都是最常用的,值得。

💬 先聽一段對話

Mia: How was your weekend?（你週末怎樣?) Jun: It was great! I went to the beach with friends.（很棒!我跟朋友去海邊。) Mia: Nice! Did you swim?（讚!你有游泳嗎?) Jun: No, I didn't. But we ate a lot and played games.（沒有。但我們吃很多、玩遊戲。)

🔑 關鍵句型

• was / were(be 動詞的過去):I was happy. / They were here.
• 一般動詞過去式:I went / worked / ate yesterday.
• 否定:主詞 + didn't + 原形。　I didn't go.
• 問句:Did + 主詞 + 原形?　Did you go? → Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.

📒 常見不規則動詞(原形 → 過去,背這批最划算)

原形	過去式	中譯	原形	過去式	中譯
go	went	去	see	saw	看見
have	had	有	eat	ate	吃
do	did	做	get	got	得到
make	made	做	come	came	來
take	took	拿	buy	bought	買
say	said	說	give	gave	給

這些沒有規則、只能記,但都是天天用的。先記 go→went、have→had、do→did、see→saw、eat→ate 這幾個最高頻的。

🧩 文法點:was/were、規則 -ed、以及 did 的鐵律

① be 動詞過去 = was / were:

• I / he / she / it → was：I was tired.
• you / we / they → were：They were at home.

② 規則動詞:加 -ed(大多數動詞):

• work → worked、play → played、want → wanted。
• 字尾是 e:只加 d → like → liked、live → lived。
• 短母音+單子音:雙寫 → stop → stopped;子音+y:y變i → study → studied。

-ed 的三種發音(先知道,不用背):worked /t/、played /d/、wanted /ɪd/(字尾 t/d 後面才唸 /ɪd/)。

③ did / didn't 的鐵律(最容易錯,professor 一定看這個): 問句和否定用 did / didn't,而且後面的動詞要變回原形——因為「過去」已經由 did 表示了,動詞不用再變:

• ✅ Did you go?　❌ Did you went?
• ✅ I didn't go.　❌ I didn't went.
• 一句話:有了 did/didn't,動詞就回原形。
• (但 be 動詞 was/were 例外:問句否定不用 did → Were you tired? / I wasn't tired.)

🗣️ 發音提醒

• said 唸 /sɛd/(「say 的過去」但母音變短「ㄝ」),不是「賽的」。
• bought /bɔt/:augh 唸 /ɔ/,gh 不發音,「boht」。
• ate /et/:唸「ㄟt」(跟 eight 同音),不是「阿忒」。

✍️ 開口練習

練習 1:原形 → 過去式。

• go → went　work → worked　have → had　study → studied　eat → ate

練習 2:抓錯改對(did 鐵律)。

• ❌ Did you went home? → ✅ Did you go home?
• ❌ I didn't saw it. → ✅ I didn't see it.
• ❌ She were happy. → ✅ She was happy.

練習 3:講你昨天做的三件事。

Yesterday, I ＿＿(過去式). I ＿＿. I ＿＿.

🎒 帶走

• be 過去:was(I/he/she/it)/ were(you/we/they)。
• 一般動詞:規則加 -ed;不規則要記(go→went、have→had、eat→ate…)。
• did / didn't 鐵律:問句否定用 did/didn't,動詞回原形(Did you go? / I didn't go)。be 動詞例外(Were you…? / wasn't)。

下一課,我們看向未來:be going to(計畫)和 will(當下決定)。