一直在做(現在完成進行式)

🎯 這一課你會學會

講「從過去某時一直持續做到現在」的事——用 have / has been + 動詞-ing,強調「持續、一直」。你還會分清它跟現在完成式(A2 學的)的差別,也會用 still 說「還在…/到現在還沒…」。

💬 先聽一段對話

Amy: You look tired. What's wrong?（你看起來很累。怎麼了?)
Ken: I've been studying all day. I'm exhausted.（我讀了一整天書。累死了。)
Amy: How long have you been learning English?（你學英文多久了?)
Ken: I've been learning it for three years now.（我學到現在三年了。)

🔑 關鍵句型

• 主詞 + have / has been + V-ing = 一直在做(持續到現在)。
  • I've been working. / She's been waiting.
• How long have you been + V-ing?（你做…多久了?)
• 常配 for / since / all day / lately / recently。

🧩 文法點:現在完成進行 vs 現在完成(關鍵)

① 組成:have / has + been + 動詞-ing

• I / you / we / they → have been：They have been talking.
• he / she / it → has been：She has been running.

② 跟現在完成式差在「重點」不同:

現在完成進行(been + -ing)	現在完成簡單(過去分詞)
重點是活動、持續多久	重點是結果、完成了多少
I've been reading all afternoon.（強調一直在讀)	I've read three books.（強調讀完三本)
I've been painting the room.（在進行,可能還沒完)	I've painted the room.（漆完了,結果)

一句話:要講「一直在做/做多久」用進行;要講「做完了/做了幾個」用簡單。

③ 常見兩種味道:

• 還在持續:I've been living here for five years.（住到現在,還住著)
• 剛停、留下痕跡:Your eyes are red — have you been crying?（剛哭過)

④ 狀態動詞(know / be / have / like)不用進行式:

• ✅ I've known her for years.　❌ I've been knowing her.

⑤ still:還在、到現在還沒(A2 學過 already / yet,補上第三個)

• still = 事情還在持續,沒停、沒變:He's still living in Taichung.（他還住在台中。) / Is the store still open?（店還開著嗎?)
• 否定句加 still,常帶著「怎麼到現在還沒…」的不耐或意外,多半配現在完成式:I still haven't heard back from them.（到現在還沒收到他們的回覆。)
• 跟 yet 比:I haven't finished yet.（還沒做完,單純說明) / I still haven't finished.（到現在還沒做完,口氣比較急)
• 位置:放在句子中間 —— be 動詞後面(I'm still tired.)、一般動詞前面(She still plays the piano.)、問句放主詞後面(Do you still live here?)。否定句放在 haven't / can't 這些否定助動詞前面:✅ The bus still hasn't come.　❌ The bus hasn't still come.

📒 高頻單字

單字	KK 音標	中譯	例句
exhausted	/ɪɡˈzɔstɪd/	精疲力盡	I'm exhausted.（我累壞了。)
lately	/ˈletli/	最近	I've been busy lately.（我最近很忙。)
all day	/ɔl de/	一整天	working all day（工作一整天)
still	/stɪl/	仍然	I'm still waiting.（我還在等。)
for years	/fɔr jɪrz/	好幾年	I've lived here for years.

🗣️ 發音提醒

• been 美式常唸 /bɪn/(短);I've been → 「aɪv-bɪn」快速帶過。
• -ing 鼻音收尾;exhausted /ɪɡˈzɔstɪd/ 重音在中間 zaust,「ig-ZAUS-tid」。
• lately /ˈletli/ vs later /ˈletɚ/——結尾不同,別混。

✍️ 開口練習

練習 1:進行還是簡單?

• I ＿ (read) this book. I'm on page 50.（還在讀,強調活動)→ have been reading
• I ＿ (read) this book. It was great.（讀完了,結果)→ have read

練習 2:How long…?

How long have you been ＿＿ing? — I've been ＿＿ing for / since ＿＿.

練習 3:講一件你「一直在做」的事。

I've been ＿＿ing ＿＿(for/since…).

練習 4:still 還是 yet?放對位置。

• It's ＿ raining. Take an umbrella.（還在下)→ still:It's still raining.
• I haven't decided ＿.（還沒決定)→ yet(放句尾)
• She hasn't called. → 加 still:She still hasn't called.（否定句,still 放 hasn't 前面)
• Are you angry? → 加 still:Are you still angry?（問句,放主詞後面)

🎒 帶走

• 現在完成進行 = have / has been + V-ing,強調持續、一直、做多久。
• vs 現在完成簡單:進行講活動/時間長度、簡單講結果/完成數量。
• 狀態動詞(know/be/have)不用進行式。
• still = 還在持續;否定句的 still 放在否定助動詞前面(I still haven't…),口氣比 yet 急。

下一課,把完成式的好搭檔講清楚:for / since——「做了多久」到底怎麼講。