被動語態

🎯 這一課你會學會

把重點放在「被怎麼樣」而不是「誰做的」——用被動語態(be + 過去分詞)。像 English is spoken here、The bridge was built in 1932。新聞、說明、正式場合超常用。

💬 先聽一段對話

Amy: Wow, this temple is beautiful. When was it built?（哇,這廟好美。什麼時候蓋的?) Ken: It was built about 300 years ago.（大約三百年前蓋的。) Amy: And these paintings?（那這些畫呢?) Ken: They were made by local artists. This place is visited by thousands every year.（本地藝術家畫的。這地方每年有上千人來訪。)

🔑 關鍵句型

• 主詞 + be + 過去分詞(被…)。
  • 現在:English is spoken here.（這裡說英語)
  • 過去:The house was built in 1990.（房子1990蓋的)
• 要講「被誰」,用 by + 人:It was written by her.

🧩 文法點:被動怎麼組、什麼時候用

① 組成:be 動詞(配時態)+ 過去分詞:

• 現在:am/is/are + 過去分詞 → Rice is grown in Asia.
• 過去:was/were + 過去分詞 → The letters were sent yesterday.
• (be 動詞負責時態與單複數;過去分詞不變。)

② 什麼時候用被動:

• 不知道 / 不重要「誰做的」:My bike was stolen.（被偷了——不知道誰偷)
• 重點在「事情本身」:The results will be announced soon.
• 正式、客觀(說明書、新聞、報告):The form must be signed.

③ 主動 → 被動:把「受詞」搬到前面當主詞:

• 主動:Shakespeare wrote this play.（重點:莎士比亞)
• 被動:This play was written by Shakespeare.（重點:這齣劇)
• 「動作的對象」變成句子的主角;原本的主詞用 by 帶出(或省略)。

④ by + 人 通常可省(誰做的不重要時):

• English is spoken in many countries.（不用說 by people)

📒 高頻單字

單字	KK 音標	中譯	例句
build	/bɪld/	建造(過去分詞 built)	It was built in 1990.
make	/mek/	製作(過去分詞 made)	It's made of wood.（木頭做的。)
grow	/ɡro/	種植(過去分詞 grown)	Rice is grown here.
invent	/ɪnˈvɛnt/	發明	It was invented in China.
damage	/ˈdæmɪdʒ/	損壞	The road was damaged.（路壞了。)

🗣️ 發音提醒

• was / were 弱讀:was /wəz/、were /wɚ/;「was built」→ 「wəz-bilt」。
• made of wood:被動 + of 講材質。
• 過去分詞的 -ed 三種音在被動裡也適用(damaged /d/、announced /t/)。

✍️ 開口練習

練習 1:主動變被動。

• They built the house in 2000. → The house ＿ (build) in 2000. → was built
• People speak English here. → English ＿ (speak) here. → is spoken

練習 2:填被動(注意時態)。

• This song ＿ (write) by a famous singer.（過去)→ was written
• Cars ＿ (make) in this factory.（現在)→ are made

練習 3:用被動介紹一樣東西。

This ＿ was made / built / invented in ＿.

🎒 帶走

• 被動 = be + 過去分詞,重點放在「被怎樣」而非「誰做」。
• 用在:不知道/不重要誰做、重點在事情本身、正式客觀。
• 主動→被動:受詞當主詞,原主詞用 by 帶出(常省略)。

下一課,另一個成熟表達:轉述別人的話——「他說…」(reported speech)。