轉折與連接(although / however / because of)

🎯 這一課你會學會

把「對比、轉折、原因」講得更順、更成熟——用 although / however / despite / because of。這些讓你的英語從「簡單句」升級成「有邏輯的段落」。重點是它們後面接句子還是接名詞,別接錯。

💬 先聽一段對話

Amy: Did you enjoy the trip?（旅行玩得開心嗎?) Ken: Yeah! Although it rained a lot, we had a great time.（開心!雖然下了很多雨,我們還是玩得很棒。) Amy: Nice. Despite the weather?（不錯。天氣那樣還這樣?) Ken: Yeah. We stayed inside a lot because of the rain, but it was cozy.（對。因為下雨我們大多待室內,但很溫馨。)

🔑 四個常用連接詞(注意後面接什麼)

• although / (even) though + 句子(雖然…):Although it was late, we kept working.
• however + 逗號(然而,連接兩句):It was late. However, we kept working.
• despite / in spite of + 名詞 / -ing(儘管…):Despite the rain, we went out.
• because + 句子 / because of + 名詞(因為…):because it rained / because of the rain.

🧩 文法點:接句子 vs 接名詞(最容易錯)

① although / though + 「句子」(主詞 + 動詞):

• ✅ Although it was raining, we went out.
• ❌ Although the rain（although 後面要接完整句子)。

② despite / in spite of + 「名詞」或「-ing」(不接句子):

• ✅ Despite the rain, … / Despite being tired, …
• ❌ Despite it was raining（despite 後面不能接句子)。
• 記法:although 接句子、despite 接名詞——意思一樣,接法不同。

③ because + 「句子」 vs because of + 「名詞」:

• ✅ We stayed in because it rained.（句子)
• ✅ We stayed in because of the rain.（名詞)
• ❌ because of it rained / ❌ because the rain。

④ however = 連接兩個句子的「然而」,前面句號、後面逗號:

• I wanted to go. However, I was too tired.
• (however 不像 but 直接連,它比較像「另起一句轉折」。)

⑤ so(所以,結果)/ so that(為了,目的):

• It was late, so we left.（結果)
• I left early so that I could catch the train.（目的)

📒 高頻單字

單字	KK 音標	中譯	例句
although	/ɔlˈðo/	雖然	Although it's hard…
however	/haʊˈɛvɚ/	然而	…. However, …
despite	/dɪˈspaɪt/	儘管	Despite the cost（儘管花費)
because of	/bɪˈkɔz ʌv/	因為(+名詞)	because of you（因為你)
instead	/ɪnˈstɛd/	反而、代替	I stayed home instead.

🗣️ 發音提醒

• although /ɔlˈðo/:th /ð/ + 結尾 /o/,「awl-THOH」,gh 不發音。
• however /haʊˈɛvɚ/:重音在中間 ev,「how-EV-er」。
• despite /dɪˈspaɪt/:重音在後 spite。

✍️ 開口練習

練習 1:although 還是 despite?

• ＿ the rain, we went out.（名詞)→ Despite
• ＿ it was raining, we went out.（句子)→ Although

練習 2:because 還是 because of?

• I was late ＿ the traffic.（名詞)→ because of
• I was late ＿ there was traffic.（句子)→ because

練習 3:用 although 和 however 各造一句。

Although ＿, ＿. / I like it. However, ＿.

🎒 帶走

• although / because + 句子;despite / because of + 名詞或 -ing——接錯是最常見的錯。
• however = 另起一句的「然而」(前句號、後逗號)。
• so(結果)/ so that(目的)。

下一課,一個很英語、很口語的東西:附加問句(…, isn't it?)和 so do I / neither do I 的呼應。