進階被動

🎯 這一課你會學會

把 B1 的被動再升級——完成式被動(has been done)、情態被動(must be done),以及新聞、學術最愛用的被動報導(It is said that… / He is said to…)。這些讓你的英語聽起來客觀、正式、成熟。

💬 先聽一段對話

Amy: Any news on the project?（專案有消息嗎?) Ken: The report has been finished, but it must be reviewed first.（報告已經完成,不過必須先經過審查。) Amy: I heard the deadline changed.（我聽說死線改了。) Ken: Yeah. It's said that the client asked for more time.（對。據說客戶要求多點時間。)

🔑 三種進階被動

• 完成式被動:has / have / had been + 過去分詞。
  • The problem has been solved.（問題已被解決)
• 情態被動:情態動詞 + be + 過去分詞。
  • It must be done today. / It can be seen from here.
• 被動報導(客觀轉述普遍看法):
  • It is said that + 句子:It is said that he is rich.
  • 主詞 + is said to + 原形:He is said to be rich.

🧩 文法點

① 完成式被動 = have been + 過去分詞(把「已完成」變被動):

• 主動:They have finished the work. → 被動:The work has been finished.
• 過去完成被動:By then, it had been done.

② 情態被動 = 情態 + be + 過去分詞(情態後接原形,被動的原形是 be + PP):

• It should be sent today.　It can't be changed.　It might be delayed.
• ❌ It must is done → ✅ It must be done。

③ 被動報導(講「大家說/認為…」,不指名是誰):

• 兩種等值說法:
  • It is said / believed / thought / reported that + 完整句子:
    • It is believed that the company will close.
  • 主詞 + is said / believed to + 原形(把子句主詞提到前面):
    • The company is believed to close soon.
• 講過去的事用「to have + 過去分詞」:
  • He is said to have left the country.（據說他已離開——動作在過去)
• 用途:新聞、報告、學術——客觀、不指名消息來源。

📒 高頻單字

單字	KK 音標	中譯	例句
report	/rɪˈpɔrt/	報導	It is reported that…
believe	/bɪˈliv/	相信、認為	It is believed that…
review	/rɪˈvju/	審查	It must be reviewed.
solve	/sɑlv/	解決	The issue has been solved.
announce	/əˈnaʊns/	宣布	It will be announced soon.

🗣️ 發音提醒

• has been 弱讀「həz-bɪn」;been + PP:been done、been solved。
• It's said that 連讀「its-SED-thət」。
• reported / believed / announced:過去分詞 -ed 三種音,自然帶過。

✍️ 開口練習

練習 1:改成進階被動。

• They have finished it. → It has been finished.
• You must do it now. → It must be done now.
• People say he is a genius. → It is said that he is a genius. / He is said to be a genius.

練習 2:情態被動填空。

• The form ＿ (should/sign). → should be signed
• This ＿ (can/fix) easily. → can be fixed

練習 3:用被動報導講一則(真假不論的)消息。

It is said that ＿. / ＿ is believed to ＿.

🎒 帶走

• 完成式被動:has/have been + 過去分詞。情態被動:情態 + be + 過去分詞。
• 被動報導:It is said/believed that… = 主詞 is said/believed to + 原形(過去事用 to have + 過去分詞)。
• 這些用在客觀、正式、不指名來源的場合(新聞/學術/報告)。

🎉 你完成 B2 Unit 3「被動與使役進階」了! 使役(找人做)+ 進階被動——你能講得客觀、成熟、正式了。下一個 Unit,把情態與推測玩到全時態:needn't have、全時態推測。