分詞構句(Walking home, I…)

🎯 這一課你會學會

用 -ing / having done / 過去分詞 開頭,把兩個動作優雅地接成一句——「走路回家時,我看到…」。這是書面、正式、文學英語最漂亮的接法,學會它,你的英語立刻上一個檔次。

💬 先聽一段對話(較書面)

Feeling nervous, she took a deep breath before the interview.（感到緊張,她面試前深吸一口氣。) Having prepared for weeks, he answered every question with ease.（準備了好幾週,他從容回答每個問題。) Impressed by his answers, the panel offered him the job.（對他的回答印象深刻,評審給了他這份工作。)

🔑 三種分詞構句

• -ing(現在分詞)= 主動、同時/接續發生:Walking home, I saw a cat.
• Having + 過去分詞= 前一個動作先完成:Having finished work, I went home.
• 過去分詞(-ed/PP)= 被動:Written in 1920, the book is a classic.

🧩 文法點:把子句「壓縮」成分詞

① 現在分詞(-ing):兩個動作同主詞,表「同時」或「原因」:

• 同時/接著:Opening the door, she saw the mess.（= As she opened / When she opened)
• 原因:Feeling tired, I went to bed early.（= Because I felt tired)
• 主詞必須跟主句一樣(都是「我/她」)。

② Having + 過去分詞:第一個動作「先完成」才做第二個:

• Having eaten, we left.（= After we had eaten,吃完才走)
• Having lived there for years, she knew everyone.

③ 過去分詞(被動的分詞構句):

• Made in Japan, the car is reliable.（= Because it is made…)
• Given more time, we could finish.（= If we were given…)

④ ⚠ 主詞必須一致(避免「懸垂分詞」——professor 最愛抓):

• ✅ Walking home, I saw a dog.（走路的是我、看到狗的也是我)
• ❌ Walking home, a dog ran past me.（聽起來像「狗在走路回家」!)
• 分詞的動作者,一定要是主句的主詞。

⑤ 語氣:分詞構句偏書面、正式、敘事**;口語仍常用 when / because / after + 完整句。兩個都要會,寫作時用分詞會更精練。**

📒 高頻單字

單字	KK 音標	中譯	例句
feeling	/ˈfilɪŋ/	感到	Feeling tired, …
having	/ˈhævɪŋ/	已經(+ PP)	Having finished, …
impressed	/ɪmˈprɛst/	印象深刻	Impressed, she smiled.
nervous	/ˈnɝvəs/	緊張	I felt nervous.
breath	/brɛθ/	呼吸(名詞)	take a deep breath

🗣️ 發音提醒

• 分詞構句開頭後稍停(逗號),再接主句。
• breath /brɛθ/(名詞,θ 無聲)vs breathe /brið/(動詞,ð 有聲 + 長母音)——常混,分清楚。
• impressed /ɪmˈprɛst/:結尾 -ssed = /st/。

✍️ 開口練習

練習 1:改寫成分詞構句。

• Because she felt sick, she stayed home. → Feeling sick, she stayed home.
• After I had finished, I relaxed. → Having finished, I relaxed.
• The house was built in 1900; it needs repairs. → Built in 1900, the house needs repairs.

練習 2:抓「懸垂分詞」的錯。

• ❌ Running to catch the bus, my bag fell. → ✅ Running to catch the bus, I dropped my bag.

練習 3:用 -ing 或 Having + PP 造一句。

＿ing / Having ＿, I ＿.

🎒 帶走

• 分詞構句:-ing(主動,同時/原因)、Having + PP(先完成)、過去分詞(被動)。
• 主詞必須跟主句一致(否則就是懸垂分詞,錯)。
• 偏書面/正式;寫作用它更精練。

下一課,補上更進階的連接與對比詞:whereas / nevertheless / despite the fact that,讓你的論述更有層次。