進階連接與對比

🎯 這一課你會學會

用更精緻的詞把想法對比、讓步、講目的——whereas / nevertheless / despite the fact that / in order to。這是 B2 論述(討論、寫作、表達立場)的關鍵,讓你講起來有層次、有轉折。

💬 先聽一段(較正式的論述)

Working from home saves time, whereas the office offers more focus. Despite the fact that many prefer remote work, some companies still require attendance. Nevertheless, the trend is clear: flexibility matters. Firms should adapt in order to keep good staff.

🔑 四類進階連接詞

• whereas / while（對比兩件事,「而…」):He's outgoing, whereas she's shy.
• nevertheless / nonetheless（然而,正式的 however):It's risky. Nevertheless, it's worth it.
• despite the fact that + 句子 / despite + 名詞（儘管):Despite the fact that it rained, we went.
• in order to / so as to + 原形（為了):I left early in order to avoid traffic.

🧩 文法點

① whereas / while = 對比兩個「都成立」的事實(不是轉折,是並列對照):

• Some people love cities, whereas others prefer the countryside.
• 跟 but 的差別:whereas 較正式,專門用來平衡對比兩邊。

② nevertheless / nonetheless = 更正式的「然而」(前句號、後逗號):

• The plan was expensive. Nevertheless, we approved it.
• 跟 however 同位置、更書面。

③ despite / in spite of + 名詞;despite the fact that + 句子:

• Despite the cost, … / In spite of being tired, …（+ 名詞/-ing)
• 想接句子時:despite the fact that + 句子(= although + 句子)。
• ❌ despite it was late → ✅ despite the fact that it was late / although it was late。

④ 講「目的」用 in order to / so as to + 原形(比 to 更正式清楚):

• I saved money in order to travel.
• 否定:in order not to / so as not to + 原形:I left quietly so as not to wake them.

⑤ 補充(加強論點,正式):moreover / furthermore(此外、而且):

• It's cheap. Moreover, it's reliable.

📒 高頻單字

連接詞	中譯	用法
whereas	而、反之	對比兩事實
nevertheless	然而	正式轉折
despite the fact that	儘管	+ 句子
in order to	為了	+ 原形(目的)
moreover	此外	正式補充

🗣️ 發音提醒

• whereas /hwɛrˈæz/:重音在後 az,「wair-AZ」。
• nevertheless /ˌnɛvɚðəˈlɛs/:重音在最後 less,「nev-er-thə-LESS」。
• 這些偏書面,講話時放在句首稍停,讓聽者跟上你的邏輯轉折。

✍️ 開口練習

練習 1:選對連接詞。

• Tea is soothing, ＿ coffee is stimulating.（對比)→ whereas
• ＿ the fact that it was expensive, we bought it.（儘管+句)→ Despite
• I studied hard ＿ pass the exam.（目的)→ in order to

練習 2:despite 還是 despite the fact that?

• ＿ the rain(名詞)→ Despite
• ＿ it was raining(句子)→ Despite the fact that

練習 3:用 whereas 對比兩個東西/兩個人。

＿ is ＿, whereas ＿ is ＿.

🎒 帶走

• whereas / while(對比兩事實)、nevertheless(正式然而)、despite the fact that + 句子、in order to + 原形(目的)。
• despite/in spite of 接名詞;接句子要用 despite the fact that 或 although。

🎉 你完成 B2 Unit 5「精緻的句子」了! 非限定/縮減關係子句、分詞構句、進階連接——你能寫出、說出結構精緻的長句了。最後一個 Unit,學強調、進階搭配、討論與表達態度,然後 B2 畢業。