省略與替代

🎯 這一課你會學會

母語者講話不重複——他們用 ellipsis（省略） 和 substitution（替代） 把已知的部分省掉或用一個字代掉:"I haven't finished, but she has."「Are you coming? — I hope so.」「I need a pen. Do you have one?」學會它,你的英語會乾淨、緊湊、道地,不再字字囉嗦。

💬 先聽一段對話

Ken: Have you booked the tickets?（你訂票了嗎?)
Mia: Not yet, but I will (do).（還沒,但我會的。)
Ken: I can do it if you want me to.（你要的話我可以弄。)
Mia: Would you? That'd help. I've got the flights; I just need to sort the hotel — and you the car.（可以嗎?那幫大忙了。機票我有了;我只要搞定飯店——你搞定車子。)
Ken: On it. — Is it expensive? — I'm afraid so.（沒問題。——貴嗎?——恐怕是。)

🔑 三類手法

• Ellipsis（省略）:把重複的動詞/子句省掉 → She can swim; I can't (swim).
• Auxiliary substitution（助動詞代動詞）:I didn't call, but she did.
• so / not / one 替代:I think so. / I hope not. / a red one.

🧩 文法點:三種「不重複」

① 用助動詞代替整個動詞片語（最常見）:

• She likes coffee, and so do I.（= and I like coffee too）
• He hasn't finished, but I have.（have 代 have finished）
• "Will you help?" — "I will."（will 代 will help）
• 規則:留下助動詞/be/情態,省掉後面重複的動詞部分。

② Ellipsis（直接省略已知內容）:

• 對等省略:I'll have the soup and (I'll have) the fish.
• 對比省略:Some passed the test; others didn't (pass the test).
• 不定詞省略到 to:I didn't want to go, but I had to.（to 代 to go）
• 問答省略:"Coming?" = "Are you coming?";"Me too."（口語)

③ so / not / do so / one 替代:

• so / not 代整個子句:I think so. / I'm afraid not. / "Is it open?" — "I believe so."
• do so（正式,代前面的動作）:She was asked to leave, and she did so quietly.
• one / ones 代可數名詞:I lost my pen — can I borrow one? / the blue ones。

④ so + 助動詞 + 主詞 vs so + 主詞 + 助動詞（意思不同!）:

• So do I.（倒裝）= 我也是（附和）。
• So you do. / So it is.（不倒裝）= 「還真的耶」（確認對方說的沒錯）。
• 差別在語序:附和用倒裝,確認用正常語序。

⑤ 中文母語者常犯:

• 中文愛重複整句 → 英文只留助動詞:❌ She likes it and I like it too. → ✅ …and so do I.
• so/not 別接整句:❌ I think so that it's true. → ✅ I think so.
• "Me too" 很口語;正式寫作用 "so do I / I do too"。

📒 高頻單字

單字	KK 音標	中譯	例句
neither	/ˈniðɚ/	兩者都不	Neither do I.
afraid	/əˈfred/	恐怕	I'm afraid so.
suppose	/səˈpoz/	認為、猜想	I suppose so.
sort	/sɔrt/	處理、搞定	I'll sort it.
otherwise	/ˈʌðɚˌwaɪz/	否則	I hope so; otherwise…

🗣️ 發音提醒

• 替代句的重音落在留下的助動詞/主詞:"So DO I." / "I HAVEN'T."
• so / not 在句尾常重讀收尾:"I hope SO." / "I'm afraid NOT."
• 省略讓句子變短——節奏更快、更口語,別硬把省掉的字補回去唸。

✍️ 開口練習

練習 1:用助動詞附和或對比。

• I love jazz. （附和）→ So do I.
• She passed, but he ＿. → didn't.

練習 2:用 so / not 回答。

• "Is it going to rain?" — （恐怕會）→ "I'm afraid so."
• "Are we late?" — （希望沒有）→ "I hope not."

練習 3:用 one/ones 避免重複。

I don't like the red bag; I prefer the black ＿. → one

🎒 帶走

• 助動詞代動詞:So do I / but I have / I will。
• Ellipsis:省掉重複部分（…had to、others didn't）。
• so / not / do so / one(s) 替代整個子句或名詞。
• 附和用 So do I（倒裝）,確認事實用 So you do（不倒裝）——語序別搞混。

下一課進入 Unit 5,讓詞彙變道地:進階搭配詞。