你有沒有做過(現在完成式)

🎯 這一課你會學會

問人、也回答**「你有沒有做過…?」——用現在完成式**(have / has + 過去分詞)講「到目前為止的經驗」。這是英語很常用、但中文沒有對應時態的東西,先建立觀念最重要。

💬 先聽一段對話

Amy: Have you ever been to Japan?（你去過日本嗎?) Ken: Yes, I have. I've been there twice. Have you?（去過。我去過兩次。你呢?) Amy: No, I haven't. But I've always wanted to go.（沒有。但我一直很想去。) Ken: You should! Have you tried sushi at least?（你該去!那你至少吃過壽司吧?)

🔑 關鍵句型

• 主詞 + have / has + 過去分詞 = 到現在為止(做過/發生過)。
  • I have (I've) seen it. / She has (She's) gone home.
• 問經驗:Have you ever + 過去分詞?　→ Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
• 從沒:I have never + 過去分詞。　I've never eaten it.

📒 過去分詞(第三種動詞形,常見不規則)

原形	過去式	過去分詞	原形	過去式	過去分詞
be	was/were	been	eat	ate	eaten
go	went	gone	see	saw	seen
do	did	done	take	took	taken
have	had	had	give	gave	given
make	made	made	write	wrote	written

規則動詞的過去分詞 = 過去式,都是 -ed(work → worked → worked、play → played → played)。要記的是不規則這批的第三欄。

🧩 文法點:現在完成式怎麼用

① 組成:have / has + 過去分詞

• I / you / we / they → have：I have seen it.
• he / she / it → has：She has finished.
• 縮寫:I've / you've / he's（= he has）/ she's。

② 用途:講「到現在為止的經驗」——不說「什麼時候」

現在完成式關心的是「有沒有這個經驗/結果」,不講確切時間。這是它跟過去式最大的不同(下一課專門講):

• Have you ever been to Paris?（你這輩子去過巴黎嗎?——問經驗,沒問哪一年)
• I have already finished my work.（我工作做完了——結果到現在)

③ ever / never

• ever(曾經)用在問句:Have you ever eaten it?
• never(從不/從沒)= 否定經驗:I've never eaten it.(= I haven't ever eaten it.)

④ been vs gone(很重要的區別)

• have been to = 去過又回來了(經驗):She has been to London.（她去過倫敦——現在人在這。)
• have gone to = 去了還沒回來(人在那):She has gone to London.（她去倫敦了——現在人在倫敦。)
• 講「經驗」用 been。

🗣️ 發音提醒

• I've / you've / we've:'ve 唸 /v/,輕輕帶過(I've = /aɪv/)。
• been 美式常唸 /bɪn/(短,像 bin);英式偏 /biːn/(長)。
• eaten /ˈitən/:兩音節「EE-tən」,不是「一疼」。

✍️ 開口練習

練習 1:過去分詞。

• go → went → gone　see → saw → seen　eat → ate → eaten　do → did → done

練習 2:用 Have you ever…? 問三個經驗。

Have you ever ＿＿(過去分詞)?（例:been to Korea / eaten Thai food / seen this movie)

練習 3:been 還是 gone?

• She's ＿ to Japan twice.（去過又回來,經驗)→ been
• He's not here — he's ＿ to the store.（去了還沒回)→ gone

🎒 帶走

• 現在完成式 = have / has + 過去分詞,講「到現在為止的經驗/結果」,不講確切時間。
• 問經驗:Have you ever + 過去分詞?;從沒:I've never + 過去分詞。
• been(去過又回來,講經驗)vs gone(去了還沒回)。

下一課,我們把它跟過去式分清楚:just / already / yet,以及「現在完成 vs 過去式」該用哪個。