約 9 分鐘
多少、一些、一點(量詞)
much·many、a few·a little、a lot of、How much·many、something·anything
多少、一些、一點(量詞)
🎯 這一課你會學會
講「多少、一些、一點點」——這又跟 A1 學的可數/不可數有關。學完你能分清 much / many、a few / a little,講數量不出錯;也會用 something / anything / nothing / everything 說「某個東西、任何東西、什麼都沒有、全部」。
💬 先聽一段對話
Mia: Do we have enough food for the party?（派對的食物夠嗎?)
Jun: We have a lot of snacks, but only a little juice.（點心很多,但果汁只剩一點。)
Mia: And how many people are coming?（有多少人要來?)
Jun: About twenty. We don't have much time — let's go shopping!（大概二十個。時間不多了——去買吧!)
🧩 文法點:量詞跟著「可數/不可數」走
還記得 A1 的可數(apple, person)vs 不可數(water, time)嗎?量詞就是照這個分:
| 可數(複數名詞) | 不可數 | |
|---|---|---|
| 很多 | many / a lot of | much / a lot of |
| 一些 | some / a few | some / a little |
| (幾乎)沒有 | few | little |
| 多少? | How many? | How much? |
① many / much = 很多
- many + 可數複數:many people、many books。
- much + 不可數:much money、much time。
- 重點:much / many 多用在問句和否定句;肯定句常用 a lot of。
- ✅ I don't have much money. / Do you have many friends?
- ✅ I have a lot of friends.(肯定句,a lot of 更自然)
② a few vs a little = 一些、一點(都是「有一點點」)
- a few + 可數複數:a few friends、a few days.（幾個/幾天)
- a little + 不可數:a little water、a little time.（一點點水/時間)
③ a lot of / lots of = 很多,可數不可數都能用、肯定句最常見:
- a lot of books / a lot of water.
④ some / any 再加一截:something、anything…
A1 學的 some / any,後面加上 -thing(東西)或 -one(人),就是一整組很常用的字,用法跟 some / any 一樣:
| 東西 | 人 | |
|---|---|---|
| some- | something | someone |
| any- | anything | anyone |
| no- | nothing | no one |
| every- | everything | everyone |
講人也可以用 -body(somebody、anybody、nobody、everybody),意思跟 -one 一樣;講地方用 -where(somewhere、anywhere、nowhere、everywhere)。
- 肯定句用 some-:There's something in my eye.（我眼睛裡有東西。) / Someone is at the door.（門口有人。)
- 否定句、問句用 any-:I don't know anyone here.（我在這裡誰都不認識。) / Is anyone there?（有人在嗎?)
- 請人幫忙、問人要不要,問句也用 some-:Can someone help me, please?（誰可以幫我一下?) / Would you like something to drink?（要不要喝點什麼?)
- no- 本身就是「沒有」,動詞不再加 not:There's nothing in the fridge.（冰箱裡什麼都沒有。)= There isn't anything in the fridge.
- ❌ I don't know
nobody. ✅ I don't know anybody.
- ❌ I don't know
- every- = 全部:Everyone knows him.（大家都認識他。) / Everything is ready.（全部準備好了。)
- 這整組字都當單數:Everyone is here(不是 are)、Everyone knows(要加 s)、Has anyone seen my keys?（有人看到我的鑰匙嗎?)
- 後面可以接形容詞,或接 to + 原形(上一課的不定詞):something nice(好東西)、nothing to do(沒事可做)、somewhere to sit(可以坐的地方)。形容詞放在後面,跟中文順序相反:❌
nice something
📒 高頻單字
| 單字 | KK 音標 | 中譯 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| many | /ˈmɛni/ | 許多(可數) | many people（很多人) |
| much | /mʌtʃ/ | 許多(不可數) | not much time（沒多少時間) |
| few | /fju/ | 幾個 | a few days（幾天) |
| little | /ˈlɪtəl/ | 一點(不可數) | a little milk（一點牛奶) |
| enough | /ɪˈnʌf/ | 足夠 | enough food（足夠的食物) |
| something | /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ | 某個東西 | something to drink（喝的東西) |
| anything | /ˈɛniˌθɪŋ/ | 任何東西 | Do you need anything?（你需要什麼嗎?) |
🗣️ 發音提醒
- many /ˈmɛni/:e 唸 /ɛ/(「ㄝ」),「MEN-i」,不是「妹妮」。
- much /mʌtʃ/ vs march /mɑrtʃ/:母音不同,別混。
- enough /ɪˈnʌf/:又是那個 gh = /f/,「i-NUF」。
- something /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/:th 要咬舌唸 /θ/,「SUM-thing」,別唸成「some-sing」。
✍️ 開口練習
練習 1:much / many?
- How ＿ money?（不可數)→ much
- How ＿ people?（可數)→ many
- I don't have ＿ time.（不可數)→ much
練習 2:a few / a little?
- I have ＿ friends here.（可數)→ a few
- Add ＿ salt.（不可數)→ a little
練習 3:講你有多少。
I have a lot of ＿. I have a few ＿. I have a little ＿.
練習 4:some- / any- / no- / every-?
- Is ＿ there?（問句)→ anyone(或 anybody)
- I'm hungry. I want ＿ to eat.（肯定句)→ something
- I don't need ＿, thanks.（否定句)→ anything
- ＿ is ready. Let's eat!（全部)→ Everything
- The fridge is empty. There's ＿ in it.（什麼都沒有)→ nothing
🎒 帶走
- many / a few(可數)、much / a little(不可數);a lot of 兩者都行、肯定句最好用。
- much / many 多用在問句、否定;肯定句用 a lot of。
- 問多少:How many(可數)/ How much(不可數)。
- some-(肯定句,還有請人幫忙、問人要不要)/ any-(否定、問句)/ no-(本身就是否定,不再加 not)/ every-(全部);後面的動詞都用單數。
下一課,一個讓你聽起來更道地的東西:常用片語動詞(get up、turn on、look for…)。